Health Promotion Study Guide Essay

affection is an event that manifests itself-importance through observable/felt changes in the body. Illness is the state in which the physical, e exploital, social, intellectual or spectral functioning is diminished or impaired comp atomic number 18d with previous experience. It is NOT synonymous with disease and may or may not be related to disease. Illness is highly subjective. Wellness is the state of being wellnessy in both body and mind as the result of deliberate effort. Wellness is the state of well-being. It is an go on to healthcare that emphasizes preventing illness and prolonging life as opposed to emphasizing treating diseases.Anspaugh et al propose 7 components of wellness 1) Physical 2) Social 3) Emotional 4) Intellectual 5) sacred 6) Occupational and 7) Environmental. Well-being/Wellness is a subjective perception of vitality and spirit well which hindquarters be described objectively, experienced, and measured and can be plotted on a continuum. Dunns concept o f high level wellness theorizes that wellness is the degree of illness/health modified by the environment. It says that it is an co-ordinated method of functioning that is oriented towards maximizing the potential of which the person is capable.It requires that the individual maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning. The patients perception of health, wellness and illness must be considered by the nurse in order to provide individualized, quality care. Lifestyle factors that enamor health (PP Health Promotion and Disease Prevention) Internal and external factors influence health status. Internal factors embarrass Age, Genetics, Physiologic, Lifestyle, Health habits (smoking, drugs, alcohol, eating habits, exercise and stress).External factors include Environment (radiation, air pollution, H20 and sun exposure), Safety (seatbelts, riding on motorcycle), and Standard of living (less educated the poorer the health). How to take a patients temperature using dissimilar routes (Lab & Kozier PP. 532-537) There are a number of body sites for measuring body temperature. The most common are oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic and temporal artery. Normal bountiful temperature is 37 degree C and 98. 6 degree F. In gray-headeder adults ( > 70), temp is usually 36 degrees C or 96. 8 degrees F. Newborns- 1 yr old are usually 98. 2 degree F and 36. 8 degree C. Oral Most common route.Place thermometer underneath the tongue on any side of the frenulum. Do NOT take in someone with mouth lesions or if patient has had oral surgery. Be sure to ask if patient has had anything frigid/hot to drink in last 30 minutes. Rectal Most accurate route. Place Pt. in lateral or Sims position. Apply gloves and ascertain patient to take a slow deep breath during insertion. Insert 1. 5 inches in adults. Do NOT take in Pt that has had rectal surgery, has lower GI problems, is immuno-suppressed, has a clotting disorder or Pt tha t has hemorrhoids. In some agencies taking rectal temps is contraindicated in patients who need had an MI.It is believed that this can sex the Vagus nerve which can cause myocardial damage. Tympanic Temps measured in this site are usually 1. 1-1. 5 degrees higher than oral. These are non encroaching(a) and quick. To measure temp, pull pinna slightly upward and back( adults) and transport the probe slightly anteriorly, toward eardrum. Insert the probe slowly using a circular motion until snug. Axillary The least accurate route but safest route. Dry arm pit if moist. Place thermometer bulb in center of axilla. In order to regain a more accurate reading it must be left in place for a long time. Temporal Artery Safe, noninvasive and real fast.Equipment slightly more expensive, as it is a scanning infrared thermometer. The probe is placed in the middle of the forehead then drawn laterally to the hairline. If Pt has perspiration on forehead the probe is also touched behind earlobe. Levels of preventive health care Three levels of preventative care are elementary focuses on health promotion and protection against specific health problems or health risks. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to loosely healthy individuals or groups. Examples include Immunizations risk sagaciousnesss for specific disease i. e. iabetes health education about injury and poisoning prevention. Secondary- focuses on early identification of health problems and prompt intervention to alleviate health problems. Goal is to identify concourse in early stages of disease process and to limit future disability. It is curative in nature. It emphasizes health maintenance for people with health problems (i. e. someone with diabetes who has it under control). This level includes prevention of complications and disabilities. Examples include Encouraging regular medical/ dental checkups Teaching self exam of breast screening surveys hypertension).Tertiary- focuses o n restoration and rehabilitation with the goal of returning the person to optimal level of functioning, within the constraints of the disability. This level of prevention occurs later an illness, when a defect is stabilized or fixed and determined to be irreversible. Examples include caring for someone with a chronic disease referring patient with colostomy to reward group teaching patient with diabetes to identify and prevent complications ( heart disease) referring patient with spinal cord injury to a rehab to receive training to maximize his rest abilities.Understand who the senior(a) adult is and physiological/psychological changes Successful psychological aging is reflected in the older persons ability to adapt to physical, social, and steamy losses and to achieve contentment, serenity, and life considerations. The older adult continues to learn and problems solve and intelligence and personality remain as they have always been. A persons social ability does not change dur ing the course of their life if you were a young forthcoming/introvert you will be an old extrovert/introvert. Wisdom make ups as we age.As a person becomes older they go through physiological and psychosocial changes. Some physical changes are visible and some are not. In familiar lean body mass decreases, fat tissue increases, and bone mass decreases. Intracellular fluid decreases which can cause dehydration. Skin becomes kiln-dried and less elastic and they become more susceptible to skin tears. Bony prominences may become visible. There is a loss of overall stature and osteoporosis can occur in people who have insufficient intake of calcium and in women who have been through menopause. There is a steady decrease in muscle fibers.Reaction time slows. There is loss of visual acuity and progressive loss of hearing and reduced elasticity and increased rigidity of arteries and an increase in relationship pressure. Orthostatic hypotension is common. GI changes include increase in indigestion and constipation. There is increase in frequency and urgency of urination and incontinence in many older adults. subsided immune response and lowered resistance to infection is normal. Many older people have decreased thyroid gland function and increased insulin resistance. Respiratory efficiency is reduced with age.Older adults may experience many health problems including physical injuries and chronic disabling disease, and dementia. Psychologically people have much to adapt to as they become older. Some of these things are 1) Retirement this is often a difficult time of adjustment for people. Many have a sense of self worth from working and lose a sense of identity when they stop working. Income decreases sometimes by 35% during this time. 2) Economic Change- Decrease in finances related to retirement and lack of pension plans/savings. Health care costs skyrocket because of increase in illnesses.This decrease in pecuniary resources can cause older people to become less independent. This causes them to lose self esteem and become depressed. 3) Grand-parenting At this time in life older people become grandparents and are able to provide support to younger family members in a number of ways. 4) Relocating- many people move closer to their children for general support and supervision. This is a very big stressor. Older adults can either live with their children live in assisted living, live at home with adult day care, live in a long term care facility or in private group homes. ) Maintaining Independence and Self Esteem- This is a big one. Elders thrive on independence and it is important for them to be able to maintain their self esteem. The more they can do for themselves the better. 5) Facing Death and sorrow as people age the chance of their spouse dying increases. Friends and family members die and this is a period of adjustment and grieving. The older person has feelings of loss, emptiness and loneliness during this time. harmonize to Er ickson the developmental task at this time is ego vs. despair.People who attain ego integrity view life with a sense of wholeness and evoke satisfaction from past accomplishments. This is the time of life where many older people start focusing on their faith and spirituality. Most people start an innate life review and seriously start opinion about their own imminent death. health care provider Role Strainwhat is it? What nursing interventions would the nurse provide? (P. 137) Caregiver role strain is when they have physical, emotional, social, and financial burdens that can seriously jeopardize their own health and well-being.Nursing intervention would be to encourage caregivers to express their feelings and at the same time convey understanding about the difficulties associated with caregiving and acknowledge the caregivers competence. Through conversation with the caregiver assess areas where assistance may be desired or need. Identify possible source of help. Like volunteer (family, neighbor, friends, church, caregiver support groups) or agency sources (home health aide, meals on wheels, day care, transportation, and counseling and social services. incite the caregiver of the importance of caring for themselves.Know about these nursing diagnoses Coping Ineffective, Fear, Anxiety (PP. 1069-1070) NANDA diagnostic labels related to stress, adaptation, and coping Anxiety Vague, uneasy feeling of annoying or dread accompanied by an automatic response (the source often nonspecific or unknown to the individual) a feeling of apprehension caused by the anticipation of danger. It is an alerting signal that warns of impending danger and enables the individual to take measures to deal with a threat. Fear response to perceived threat is consciously recognized as a danger.Ineffective Coping Inability to from a valid appraisal of the stressors, inadequate choices of practiced responses, and/or inability to use resources. Terms associated with assessment of heart rate (CHP 29, PP. 538-540) Assessment of pulse Terms Locations Temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, pedal (dorsalis pedis) Pulse wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. Cardiac railroad siding volume of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart and equals Stroke Volume (SV) X Heart Rate (HR) per minute.Compliance ability of the arteries to expand Peripheral pulse pulse located away from the heart Apical Pulse central pulse apex of the heart (PMI) point of maximal impulse Palpation feeling Auscultation hearing DUS Doppler ultrasound stethoscope Tachycardia excessively fast heart rate ( over 100 BPM in an adult). Bradychardia A heart rate less than 60 BPM in an adult. Pulse rhythm pattern of the beats and the intervals between beats. Dysrhythmia/arrythmia irregular rhythm. Pulse volume pulse strength or amplitude, refers to the force of the blood with each beat.Elasticity of the arterial wall reflects it s expansibility or its deformities. Perfusion blood flow to a particular area of the body Understand different tools for therapeutic communication (P. 469-470 box 26-2) Broad opening statement General leads Reflecting/paraphrasing Sharing observations Acknowledging feelings Silence Giving information Clarifying Implied verbal communication Summarizing Focusing (from power point 18 in communication) further information can be found on pg. 469 and 470 box 26-2 Different domains of learning cognitive, affective, psychomotor (P. 89) Cognitive domain the thinking domain, includes six intellectual abilities and thinking processes beginning with knowing, comprehending, and applying to analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Affective domain the feeling domain is divided into categories that specify the degree of a persons judgment of emotional response to tasks. Psychomotor domain the skill domain, includes motor skills such as giving an injection. Know normal vital signs for the adult a nd older adult. amount range for adults (P. 529) 96. 8-100. 4. Older adults (>75) are at risk for hypothermia ( temperatures